Uluhlu lokuHlolwa koPhicotho lweFactory: iiNdawo ezili-10 ekufuneka uzindwendwele kubaThengi beziNja zokudlala

Ukuqhuba uphicotho olucokisekileyo lwasefektri kubalulekile kubathengi bezinja zokudlala ababeka phambili ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nokuthotyelwa. Uphicotho-zincwadi lunceda ekuchongeni imingcipheko enokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa imigangatho yemveliso, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iifektri ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo. Uluhlu lokukhangela lusebenza njengesikhokelo esibalulekileyo, esivumela abathengi ukuba bavavanye yonke into yomzi-mveliso ngokucwangcisiweyo. Le nkqubo ayiqinisekisi kuphela ukhuseleko lwemveliso kodwa yomeleza ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli. Ngokuphonononga umzi-mveliso kubathengi bezinja zokudlala, amashishini anokugcina imigangatho ekumgangatho ophezulu ngelixa enciphisa iingozi zokusebenza.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Jonga iifektri ngononopheloukuqinisekisa ukuba iithoyi zikhuselekile kwaye zisemgangathweni.
• Njonga iiimvume zokhuselekonjenge-ASTM kunye ne-EN71 ukuthembela kwizinto zokudlala.
• Qinisekisa ukuba izatifikethi ziyinyani ngokujonga iilebhile kunye nokucela ubungqina.
• Gcina iifektri zicocekile kwaye zicocekile ukuze zikhuseleke kwaye zisebenze ngcono.
• Phonononga iitshekhi zomgangatho ngokufunda iirekhodi kunye nokujonga ukuba zenziwa njani.
• Jonga izixhobo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zomelele kwizilo-qabane.
• Sebenzisa iitshekhi zomgangatho ngexesha lemveliso ukufumana iingxaki kwangoko kwaye ugcine amathoyizi angaguquki.
• Khangela uqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayazi imithetho yokhuseleko kunye namanyathelo asemgangathweni.

Iziqinisekiso zoKhuseleko

Ukubaluleka kweMigangatho yoKhuseleko

Izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo zeethoyi zezinja (umz., ASTM, EN71)

Izatifikethi zokhuseleko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto zokudlala zezinja. Iziqinisekiso eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-ASTM (i-American Society for Testing and Materials) kunye ne-EN71 (i-European Toy Safety Standard) ibeka imilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwamathoyizi. Le migangatho igxile kwimiba efana nokuqina kwezinto, amanqanaba etyhefu, kunye nokhuseleko lomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, imigangatho ye-ASTM iqinisekisa ukuba amathoyizi akhululekile kwimiphetho ebukhali kunye namalungu amancinci anokuthi abeke iingozi zokuminxa. I-EN71, kwelinye icala, igxininisa ukhuseleko lweekhemikhali ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nelothe kunye ne-phthalates.

Abathengi bezinja zokudlala kufuneka babeke phambiliiimveliso eziqinisekisiweyoukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lokudlala. Amathoyizi abambelela kule migangatho ahlala ebonisa i-seams enganyangekiyo kunye nezixhobo ezingenayo ityhefu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kunye nokusela. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiabahlafuniyo ndlongo, njengoko iithoyi ezingenziwanga kakuhle zinokukhokelela ekuminxeni okanye kwezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ngokukhetha amathoyizi aqinisekisiweyo, abathengi banokuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yezilwanyana zabo zasekhaya ngelixa bekhusela amakhaya abo kumonakalo onokwenzeka.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ubunyani besatifikethi

Ukuqinisekisa ubunyani beziqinisekiso zokhuseleko kubalulekile kubathengi bezinja zokudlala. Qala ngokujonga ileyibhile yemveliso okanye ukupakishwa kwamanqaku esiqinisekiso njenge-“ASTM F963″ okanye “EN71.” La manqaku abonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko Abathengi banokucela amaxwebhu kumvelisi okanye umthengisi ukuze baqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa kwesiqinisekiso solu lwazi kunye nemibutho esemthethweni yokuqinisekisa, njenge-ASTM International okanye i-European Standardization Committee, inika isiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo.

Enye indlela esebenzayo ibandakanya ukuhlola umzi-mveliso wabathengi benja. Ngexesha lophicotho, abathengi kufuneka babuze malunga neenkqubo zovavanyo lwefektri kwaye bacele ukufikelela kwiingxelo zovavanyo. Iifektri ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko zihlala zigcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zokuthotyelwa kwazo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Eli nqanaba lokungafihli nto aliqinisekisi nje ubunyani besatifikethi kodwa likwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli.

Kufuneka undwendwele indawo: ASTM International (www.astm.org)

Isishwankathelo semithombo yesiza

I-ASTM International isebenza njengomthombo okhokelayo kwimigangatho yokhuseleko kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka nezinto zokudlala zezinja. Iwebhusayithi inikeza ukufikelela kwilayibrari ebanzi yemigangatho, amaxwebhu obugcisa, kunye nezikhokelo zokuvavanya. Abathengi banokuphonononga imigangatho ethile efana ne-ASTM F963, echaza iimfuno zokhuseleko kwizinto zokudlala. Ukongeza, indawo ibonelela ngezinto zokufunda, iiwebinars, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho ukunceda abasebenzisi ukuba baqonde kwaye baphumeze le migangatho ngokufanelekileyo.

I-ASTM International ikwabonisa izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ubunyani besatifikethi. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo okanye abavelisi ngokusebenzisa uvimba weenkcukacha wendawo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bafumana izinto zokudlala kubaboneleli abathembekileyo abathobela imigaqo yokhuseleko.

Indlela yokusebenzisa isiza kuphicotho lwefektri

Abathengi bezinto zokudlala zezinja banokunyusa i-ASTM International ngexesha lophicotho lwefektri ukuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngaphambi kokundwendwela umzi-mveliso, abathengi kufuneka bajonge imigangatho efanelekileyo ye-ASTM kwiwebhusayithi ukuze baziqhelanise neemfuno eziphambili. Ngexesha lophicotho, banokubhekisa le migangatho yokuvavanya iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo zomzi-mveliso.

Izixhobo zesiza zikwanceda abathengi ukuba bachonge imingcipheko enokwenzeka. Umzekelo, izikhokelo ze-ASTM ziqaqambisa iingozi eziqhelekileyo njengemiphetho ebukhali okanye izinto ezinetyhefu. Ngokuthelekisa ezi zikhokelo neendlela zokwenziwa komzi-mveliso, abathengi banokuphawula iinkalo abafanele baphucule kuzo. Le ndlela yokusebenza iqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso uyahlangabezana nolindelo lokhuseleko, ekugqibeleni lukhokelela kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ubume beMveliso

Ucoceko nolungelelwano

Iimpawu eziphambili zomzi-mveliso ogcinwe kakuhle

Umzi-mveliso ogcinwe kakuhle ubonakalisa ukuzibophelela kwawo kumgangatho nokhuseleko. Ucoceko nolungelelwaniso luphawu olubalulekileyo lwemigangatho yokusebenza komzi-mveliso. Abathengi bafanele bajonge enoba umzi-mveliso uyayigcina icocekile kusini na imigangatho, iindawo zokusebenzela, neendawo zokugcina. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye neendlela eziphawulwe ngokucacileyo zabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zongeza ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukugcinwa okucwangcisiweyo kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zithintela ukungcoliswa kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezigudileyo.

Esinye isalathisi esibalulekileyo kubukho beeshedyuli zokulondolozwa kunye neeprothokholi zokucoca. Iifektri ezibeka ucoceko kwindawo yokuqala zidla ngokubonisa ezi shedyuli ngokubalaseleyo. Oku kubonisa ukuzinikela kwabo ekugcineni indawo ecocekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela ngabasebenzi, ezinjengeeglavu kunye nemaski, kubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba imeko yemveliso ihlala ikhuselekile kubasebenzi nakwimveliso eyenziwayo.

Imibuzo emayibuzwe kukhenketho lomzi-mveliso

Ngexesha lokhenketho lwefektri, abathengi kufuneka babuze imibuzo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuze bahlole ukucoceka kunye nokulungelelanisa. Imibuzo efana nale, "Zeziphi iiprothokholi zokucoca ezikhoyo kwiindawo zemveliso?" okanye “Kuqhutywa kangaphi uhlolo lwesondlo?” ubonelele ngemigangatho yokusebenza komzi-mveliso. Abathengi banokubuza malunga nokugcinwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye neempahla ezigqityiweyo. Umzekelo, "Uqinisekisa njani ukuba imathiriyeli ekrwada ihlala ingangcolisekanga ngexesha lokugcinwa?" iqaqambisa indlela umzi-mveliso osebenza ngayo kulawulo lomgangatho.

Kukwaluncedo ukubuza malunga noqeqesho lwabasebenzi olunxulumene nococeko nokhuseleko. Imibuzo efana nale, "Loluphi uqeqesho abalufumanayo abasebenzi ngokugcina imigangatho yococeko?" tyhila ukuzibophelela komzi-mveliso ekukhuthazeni imeko-bume ecocekileyo nelungeleleneyo. Le mibuzo inceda abathengi ukuba bavavanye ukuba ngabaumzi-mveliso wabathengi benja yokudlalaihlangabezana nemigangatho eyimfuneko yokuvelisa iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Kufuneka undwendwele iNdawo: Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woLungiso (www.iso.org)

Izixhobo zokuvavanya iimeko zemveliso

I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ibonelela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokuvavanya iindawo zemveliso. Iwebhusayithi yabo ibonelela ngokufikelela kwimigangatho efana ne-ISO 9001, egxile kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho. Le migangatho ichaza ezona zenzo zilungileyo zokugcina ucoceko, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokupheleleyo. Abathengi banokukhuphela izikhokelo kunye noluhlu lokutshekisha oluza kusetyenziswa ngexesha lophicotho lwefektri.

I-ISO ikwabonelela ngezixhobo zoqeqesho kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abathengi ukuba baqonde indlela yokuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwefektri nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, abathengi banokuqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso usebenza ngendlela ecocekileyo necwangcisiweyo, ehlangabezana neyona milinganiselo iphakamileyo yomgangatho ophezulu.

Uphononongo lwemizekelo okanye imizekelo enikwe yisayithi

Iwebhusayithi ye-ISO inezifundo zezehlo ezibonisa ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwemigangatho yayo. Umzekelo, uphononongo olunye lunokuqaqambisa indlela umzi-mveliso oyiphucule ngayo imeko-bume yawo yemveliso ngokwamkela izikhokelo ze-ISO 9001. Le mizekelo inikela iimbono ezisebenzisekayo kwiingenelo zokugcina ucoceko nolungelelwano. Abathengi banokusebenzisa ezi zifundo zophando njengeebenchmarks ngexesha lophicotho lwabo.

Ukongeza, indawo ibonisa imizekelo yeefektri eziphunyeziweyoIsiqinisekiso se-ISO. Le mizekelo ibonisa uphuculo olubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso obangelwa kukubambelela kwimigangatho ye-ISO. Ngokufunda ezi meko, abathengi banokuqonda ngcono ukubaluleka kwendawo yemveliso egcinwe kakuhle.

IiNkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho

Ukuphonononga iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho

ISO 9001 kunye neminye imigangatho efanelekileyo

ISO 9001ngumgangatho owaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele weenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho. Ibonelela ngesakhelo sokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kubenzi bezinto zokudlala zenja, ukubambelela kwi-ISO 9001 kubonisa ukuzibophelela ekuhlangabezaneni nolindelo lwabathengi kunye neemfuno zolawulo. Lo mgangatho ugxininisa ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo, ulawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo, konke okubalulekileyo ekugcineni imveliso ephezulu.

Eminye imigangatho efanelekileyo, efana ne-ISO 14001 yolawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye ne-ISO 45001 yezempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini, ihambisana ne-ISO 9001. Ngokudibeneyo, le migangatho idala indlela ebanziulawulo lwemeko. Iifektri eziphumeza ezi nkqubo zinokulawula ngcono izibonelelo, zinciphise inkcitho, kwaye ziqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Abathengi abaphicotha umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinja zokudlala kufuneka babeke phambili izibonelelo ezilandela le migangatho, njengoko zibonisa ukuzinikela okuqinileyo kumgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Indlela yokuvavanya amaxwebhu kunye nokuphunyezwa

Ukuvavanya amaxwebhu kunye nokuphunyezwa linyathelo eliphambili ekuhloleni iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho. Abathengi kufuneka baqale ngokuphonononga iincwadana zomgangatho womzi-mveliso, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ii-SOPs), kunye neerekhodi zophicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi. La maxwebhu anika ulwazi malunga nendlela umzi-mveliso olawula ngayo iinkqubo zawo kwaye uqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-ISO. Umzekelo, iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zovavanyo lwezinto ezikrwada zinokuqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso ubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho kwasekuqaleni.

Ngexesha lophicotho, abathengi kufuneka bajonge ukuba ezi nkqubo zibhaliweyo ziphunyezwa njani kumgangatho wemveliso. Iimpawu eziphambili zokuphunyezwa okusebenzayo zibandakanyauvavanyo olungqongqo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukubeka iliso kwiinkqubo zemveliso, kunye nokuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo emva kokuveliswa. Abasebenzi abanobuchule bokulawula umgangatho badlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo ngokuchonga iziphene, ezifana neencam ezibukhali okanye imithungo ebuthathaka, enokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Ukubekw'esweni okuthe gqolo kunye neelophu zempendulo zongeza ngakumbi ukukwazi komzi-mveliso ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu.

Kufuneka undwendwele indawo: Umbutho waseMelika woMgangatho (www.asq.org)

Izikhokelo zophicotho lweenkqubo zomgangatho

Umbutho waseMelika woMgangatho (ASQ) unikezela ngobutyebi bemithombo yophicotho lweenkqubo zomgangatho. Iwebhusayithi yabo inezikhokelo ezibanzi ezichaza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuvavanya iifektri. Ezi zikhokelo zibandakanya izihloko ezifana nophicotho lwenkqubo, uvandlakanyo lwababoneleli, kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko. Abathengi banokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuphuhlisa indlela eyakhiweyo kuphicotho-zincwadi lwasefektri, beqinisekisa ukuba akukho nkalo ibalulekileyo ingahoywayo.

I-ASQ ikwabonelela ngofikelelo kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye neziqinisekiso zeengcali ezisemgangathweni. Ezi nkqubo zinceda abathengi baqonde imigaqo yolawulo lomgangatho kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa ngexesha lophicotho. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule be-ASQ, abathengi banokuvavanya ngokuzithemba ukuba iinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho wefektri zihambelana nemigangatho yoshishino.

Iithemplethi zovavanyo lwasefektri

Iwebhusayithi ye-ASQ ibandakanya iitemplates ezahlukeneyo ezenzelwe ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yovavanyo lwefektri. Ezi templates zigubungela iinkalo eziphambili ezifana namaxwebhu enkqubo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye novavanyo lwemveliso. Abathengi banokwenza ezi templates ukuba zihambelane neemfuno zabo ezithile, okwenza kube lula ukuqokelela kunye nokucwangcisa iziphumo zophicotho.

Umzekelo, ithempleyithi yokuvavanya iinkqubo zemveliso inokubandakanya amacandelo okuhlola uvavanyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuhlola imigca yemveliso, kunye nokuphonononga iitshekhi zasemva kwemveliso. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo kuqinisekisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo yophicotho, ukunceda abathengi bachonge amandla kunye neendawo zokuphucula. Eli nqanaba leenkcukacha liyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umzi-mveliso wabathengi bento yokudlala inja uhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto

Ukubaluleka koKhuseleko lweMpahla

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwizinto zokudlala zezinja

Amathoyizi enja afunaizinto ezomeleleyo nezikhuselekileyoukuqinisekisa ukuphila kwezilwanyana zasekhaya ngexesha lokudlala. Abavelisi bahlala besebenzisa irabha yendalo, inayiloni ye-ballistic, kunye ne-hemp ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa. Irabha yendalo inika ukuqina okukhethekileyo kwaye ixhathisa ukuqhekeka, iyenza ilungele ukuhlafuna. Inayiloni eyiBallistic yaziwa ngamandla ayo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nomdlalo ondlongondlongo. I-Hemp ibonelela ngenketho engenazo iikhemikhali, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezilwanyana zasekhaya ezibuthathaka kwizinto zokwenziwa.

Ukungabikho kwemimiselo kwizinto zokudlala zezilwanyana kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto ezingenayo ityhefu. Izinto ezingakhuselekanga zinokukhokelela kwiingozi zempilo, kuquka iingozi zokukrwitshwa okanye ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali. Abathengi kufuneka babeke phambili iifektri ezisebenzisa izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuvelisa iithoyi ezihlangabezana nolindelo lokhuseleko. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya zikonwabela ixesha lokudlala elikhuselekileyo nelibandakanyayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa umngcipheko weengozi.

Indlela yokujonga izinto ezinetyhefu okanye ezingakhuselekanga

Abathengi banokuluvavanya ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokuhlola imathiriyeli ekrwada ngexesha lophicotho lwefektri. Ukuqwalasela iimeko zokugcina kunye nokucela ukucaciswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ziindlela ezisebenzayo zokuchonga ubungozi obunokubakho. Iifektri kufuneka zinike amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha ezibanzi, kubandakanywa namaxwebhu edatha yokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo (MSDS), ukungqinisisa ukungabikho kweekhemikhali eziyingozi. Abathengi kufuneka babuze malunga novavanyo lweeprothokholi zemathiriyeli, ezinje ngetshekhi zelothe, iiphthalates, okanye ezinye izinto eziyityhefu.

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kungabonisa iimpawu zomgangatho ophantsi wezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-rubber brittle okanye i-discolored ingabonisa ukungcoliseka okanye iinkqubo eziphantsi zokuvelisa. Abathengi kufuneka bahlole ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso usebenzisa izinto ezomeleleyo ukuthintela iithoyi ukuba zingaqhekeki ngexesha lokudlala. Iifektri ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zihlala ziphumeza iinkqubo zovavanyo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino.

Ingcebiso: Ngexesha lophicotho, abathengi kufuneka babuze imibuzo efana nale, "Ngawaphi amanyathelo akhoyo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo?" okanye “Uzivavanya njani izinto eziyityhefu kwizinto ezikrwada?” Le mibuzo inceda ekuchongeni iifektri ezizinikele ekuveliseni iithoyi zezinja ezikhuselekileyo.

Kufuneka-Undwendwele iNdawo: I-Material Safety Data Sheets (www.msdsonline.com)

Izixhobo zokuchonga izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo

Iwebhusayithi yeeNkcukacha zoKhuseleko lweMathiriyeli (MSDS) ibonelela ngezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemathiriyeli. Abathengi banokufikelela kulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, amanqanaba etyhefu, kunye nezilumkiso zokuphatha izinto ezahlukeneyo. Isiza sibonelela ngogcino-lwazi olunokuphendwa oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bachonge iinketho ezikhuselekileyo zokuveliswa kwamathoyizi enja. Ngokuphonononga amaxwebhu eMSDS, abathengi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iifektri zisebenzisa izinto ezingeyotyhefu nezihlala ixesha elide.

Iqonga likwabonisa izikhokelo zokutolika idatha yokhuseleko. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abathengi ukuba baqonde iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali ezithile kunye neengozi zabo ezinokubakho. Iifektri ezisebenzisa amaxwebhu eMSDS zibonisa ukungafihli kunye nokuzinikela ekuveliseni iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa isayithi ukwenzela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto

Abathengi banokusebenzisa i-MSDS Online ngexesha lophicotho lwasefektri ukuze baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo. Phambi kokundwendwela umzi-mveliso, abathengi kufuneka baphonononge izixhobo zesiza ukuze baziqhelanise nezinto ezinetyhefu eqhelekileyo kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo. Ngexesha lophicotho-zincwadi, banokucela amaxwebhu e-MSDS ezinto eziphathekayo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso. Ukuthelekisa olu lwazi kunye nezikhokelo zesiza kuqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso uthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko.

Isiza sikwanceda abathengi ukuba bachonge iifektri ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko lwempahla. Iifektri ezigcina iirekhodi ezihlaziyiweyo ze-MSDS kwaye zilandele iindlela zokuphatha ezicetyiswayo zibonisa indlela esebenzayo yokulawula umgangatho. Ngokusebenzisa i-MSDS Online, abathengi banokuhlola ngokuzithemba ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinja zokudlala uyahlangabezana na nokhuseleko olulindelweyo.

• Irabha yendalo: Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ayiqhekeki, ilungele ukuhlafuna.
• Inayiloni yeBalistikhi: Iyaziwa ngamandla ayo kunye nokhuseleko.
• Hemp: Ikhuselekile kwaye ayinayo imichiza eyingozi.

Kwinkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho

IiNkqubo zeMveliso zokubeka iliso

Iindawo zokuhlola eziphambili ngexesha lokuvelisa

Ulawulo lomgangatho olusebenzayo kwinkqubo luqinisekisa ukuba iithoyi zeenja zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokuqina kuyo yonke imveliso. Iindawo zokuhlola eziphambili ngexesha lokuvelisa zibandakanyaesweni umgangatho wemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuhlola iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkqubo zokugqibela zokuhlanganisa. Iifektri kufuneka ziphumezeiitshekhi spectrophotometric umbalaukugcina ukuhambelana kwimibala yokudlala, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ebangelwa ukuhluka. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano zedatha yemibala ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunye neemfuno ezininzi zemibala, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo koomatshini kunye nezixhobo nako kubalulekile. Izixhobo kufuneka zihlale zicocekile, zisebenza, kwaye zingenaziphene ezinokubeka esichengeni umgangatho wemveliso. Iifektri kufuneka ziseke iiprothokholi ezicacileyo zokuphatha iiyunithi ezaliweyo ukuthintela izinto ezineziphene ekungeneni kwikhonkco lokubonelela. Ngokujongana nezi ndawo zokukhangela, abavelisi banokugcina imigangatho ephezulu kwaye banciphise ukulibaziseka kwemveliso.

Indlela yokuchonga imiba enokwenzeka kwangethuba

Ukuchonga imiba enokubakho kwangethuba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kuthintela ukuphinda kusebenze kwakhona okunexabiso eliphezulu kwaye kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Iifektri kufuneka zilandelele ukusebenza kweprogram iyonke ekuhambeni kwexesha ukubona iipateni kwimiba yomgangatho. Oku kubonakala kuvumela abavelisi ukuba baphumeze uphuculo olujoliswe kuyo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba neziphene eziqhubekayo.

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho rhoqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqweni kwemiba kwangethuba. Umzekelo, ukuvavanya imathiriyeli ekrwada yezinto eziyityhefu okanye ukuhlola i-seams ukuqina kunokutyhila iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba iithoyi zifike emarikeni. Iifektri kufuneka kwakhona zibeke iliso kwimveliso kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, kubandakanywa ukuphatha imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokuhlolwa kwemathiriyeli ekusetyenzwa kwayo. La manyathelo anceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inqanaba ngalinye lemveliso lihambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho.

Ingcebiso: Abathengi abaphicotha umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinto zokudlala zezinja kufuneka babuze ngendlela umzi-mveliso osebenza ngayo ekuhloleni inkqubo. Imibuzo efana no "Ukubeka esweni njani ukuhambelana kombala ngexesha lemveliso?" okanye "Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo ukulungisa iziphene ngexesha lokwenyani?" inokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo.

Kufuneka-Undwendwele indawo: IsiKhokelo soPhicotho lweNkqubo yokuVelisa (www.iqs.com)

Izikhokelo zokuhlolwa kwenkqubo

ISikhokelo soPhicotho lweNkqubo yokuVelisa sibonelela ngezixhobo ezibanzi zokuqhuba uhlolo lwenkqubo. Ibonelela ngezikhokelo ezineenkcukacha zokuvavanya iinkqubo zefektri, kuquka intlangano, izixhobo, nolawulo lwemveliso. Umzekelo, isikhokelo sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banoqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nezenzo zococeko. Ikwabalaselisa imfuneko yezixhobo ezingachaphazeli kakubi umgangatho wemveliso kwaye kulula ukuzicoca.

Isikhokelo sibandakanya uluhlu lokutshekisha lokuvavanya imathiriyeli ekrwada, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, kunye neeyunithi ezikhatywayo. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abathengi ukuba bavavanye ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso uyabambelela kwiinkqubo ezilungileyo na. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, abathengi banokuchonga iindawo zokuphucula kwaye baqinisekise ukuba umzi-mveliso ugcina imigangatho ephezulu kuyo yonke imveliso.

Imizekelo yolawulo olusebenzayo lomgangatho

ISikhokelo soPhicotho lweNkqubo yokuVelisa sikwabonisa imizekelo yolawulo olusebenzayo lomgangatho. Umzekelo, ibonisa indlela iifektri ezisebenzisa ngayo ukujonga umbala we-spectrophotometric ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kwimibala yokudlala. Esi senzo sinciphisa inkunkuma kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ziyahlangabezana nokulindela ubuhle. Omnye umzekelo ubandakanya ukuphumeza ulawulo lwemveliso eyomeleleyo ukulandelela iiyunithi ezikhatywayo kunye nokuthintela izinto ezineziphene ekufikeleleni kubathengi.

Isikhokelo sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kweendawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo nezilungelelanisiweyo. Iifektri ezilandela olu qheliselo zihlala zifikelela kwimpumelelo ephezulu kwaye zivelise iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo. Abathengi banokusebenzisa le mizekelo njengemilinganiselo ngexesha lophicotho-zincwadi ukuvavanya ukuzibophelela komzi-mveliso kumgangatho.

Ukuhlolwa kweeMpahla ezigqityiweyo

Ukuqinisekisa uMgangatho weMveliso

Iziphene eziqhelekileyo kwizinto zokudlala zezinja

Ukuhlolwa kwempahla kugqityiwezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchongeni iziphene eziqhelekileyo kwizinto zokudlala zezinja phambi kokuba zifikelele kubathengi. Ezi ziphene zihlala zibandakanya imithungo ebuthathaka, imiphetho ebukhali, kunye nombala ongahambelaniyo. Imithungo ebuthathaka inokubangela ukuba amathoyizi ahlukane ngexesha lokudlala, abeke iingozi zokuminxa. Iincam ezibukhali, ezidla ngokubangelwa ziinkqubo ezingekho mgangathweni, zinokuzenzakalisa izilwanyana zasekhaya. Umbala ongahambelaniyo, ngelixa unobungozi obuncinci, unokubonisa imiba yokulawula umgangatho ngexesha lemveliso. Iifektri kufuneka zijongane nezi ziphene ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokwaneliseka kwabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya.

Abahloli basoloko bechonga imiba enjengokusasazwa okungafanelekanga kwezinto zokudlala okanye ubunzima obungalinganiyo kwiithoyi zokuhlafuna. Ezi ziphene zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwento yokudlala. Iifektri ezibeka phambili uhlolo olucokisekileyo zinokunciphisa ezi ngxaki, ziqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zazo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho.

Indlela yokwenza uhlolo olucokisekileyo

Ukuqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo kubandakanya indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuvavanya iimpahla ezigqityiweyo. Abahloli kufuneka baqale ngokujonga ithoyizi nganye ngokujonga iziphene zomzimba, ezinje ngeentanda, iinyembezi, okanye ukujika kombala. Kufuneka kwakhona bavavanye ukuqina kwento yokudlala ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwi-seams kunye namalungu. Kwizinto zokudlala zokuhlafuna, abahloli banokuhlola ukuxhathisa kwempahla kunye nokukrazula ngokulinganisa izenzo zokuhlafuna.

Abahloli kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iithoyi ziyahlangabezana neenkcukacha zoyilo. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga imilinganiselo, ubunzima, kunye nokwakheka kwezinto. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-calipers kunye nezikali kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Ukongeza, abahloli kufuneka baphonononge iingxelo zokuhlolwa kwangaphambili, eziqaqambisa iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwangaphambili komgangatho. Ezi ngxelo zibonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kwimiba enokubakho yothotyelo kwaye zincede ekuchongeni iziphene eziqhubekayo.

Ingcebiso: Iifektri eziphumeza uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso zihlala zifumana amazinga asezantsi esiphako kwimpahla yazo egqityiweyo. Le ndlela isebenzayo iqinisekisa ukuba ziimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuphela ezifikelela kwimarike.

Kufuneka undwendwele indawo: EUROLAB (www.intertek.com)

Uluhlu lokukhangela uvavanyo lwemveliso

I-EUROLAB ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lokuhlola iimpahla ezigqityiweyo. Olu luhlu lubandakanya imiba ebalulekileyo efana nokhuseleko lwempahla, imfezeko yesakhiwo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Abathengi banokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifektri zithobela imilinganiselo yoshishino. Ngokomzekelo, uluhlu lokutshekisha lubandakanya amanyathelo okuhlola i-seams, ukuvavanywa kwamaphethelo abukhali, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kombala. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, abathengi banokuvavanya ngokucwangcisiweyo umgangatho weizinto zokudlala zenja.

I-Intertek ikwabonelela ngoluhlu lokukhangela olulungiselelwe iindidi zeemveliso ezithile. Umzekelo, amathoyizi anqabileyo anokufuna iitshekhi ezongezelelweyo zokuhambisa izinto, ngelixa iithoyi zokudlala zinokufuna uvavanyo lokuqina. Ezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo zinceda abathengi ukuba bajongane nemingeni ekhethekileyo yokuhlola iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeethoyi zeenja.

Izixhobo zokubhalwa kweziphumo zohlolo

Iwebhusayithi ye-EUROLAB inezixhobo zokubhala iziphumo zokuhlolwa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kubathengi ukulandelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha. Ezi zixhobo ziquka iitemplates zokurekhoda iziphene, imiba yokuthotyelwa, kunye nezenzo zokulungisa. Abathengi banokwenza ezi templates zilungele iimfuno zabo ezithile, ukuqinisekisa indlela engaguqukiyo yokuhlola.

Iiplatifti zedijithali ezibonelelwe yi-Intertek zivumela abathengi ukuba bagcine kwaye baququzelele idatha yokuhlola. Ezi qonga zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bavelise iingxelo ezicacileyo, ezinokuthi zabelwana ngazo kunye nabaxhasi ukujongana nokukhathazeka komgangatho. Iifektri ezisebenzisa ezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuzinikela ekuhleni nasekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-Intertek, abathengi banokuqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinja uhlala uhambisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Uvavanyo lwaseLab

Ukuqinisekisa uKhuseleko lweMveliso

Iindidi zovavanyo lwaselabhu yeethoyi zezinja

Uvavanyo lwaseLab ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nomgangathoizinto zokudlala zenja. Iindidi ezininzi zovavanyo zivavanya imiba eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko lokudlala. Uvavanyo lwekhemikhali luchonga izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nelothe, iiphthalates, kunye ne-BPA, ezinokubeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Uvavanyo lomatshini luvavanya ukuqina kweethoyi, ziqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuhlafuna kunye nokudlala rhabaxa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka zibe ziziqwenga eziyingozi. Uvavanyo lokutsha lumisela ukuba iithoyi zokudlala ziyayifezekisa na imigangatho yokhuseleko lokumelana nomlilo, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezixubileyo okanye ezenziwe ngelaphu.

Uvavanyo lweMicrobiological yenye inkqubo ebalulekileyo. Ihlola ukungcoliseka kwebhaktheriya, enokuthi yenzeke ngexesha lokuvelisa okanye ukugcinwa. Iifektri ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko zihlala zenza olu vavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo azinantsholongwane eziyingozi. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinto zokudlala zezinja wenza olu vavanyo rhoqo ukugcina imigangatho yokhuseleko ephezulu.

Zitolikwa njani iziphumo zovavanyo lwaselabhu

Ukutolika iziphumo zovavanyo lwaselebhu kufuna ukuqonda okucacileyo kwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko. Abathengi kufuneka baphonononge iingxelo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo ziyahambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-ASTM F963 okanye i-EN71. Iziphumo ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka idatha malunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, amandla omatshini, kunye nezinye iiparameters ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ingxelo isenokuthi ibonise ukuba into yokudlala ayinawo amanqanaba abonakalayo elothe okanye i-phthalates, eqinisekisa ukuba ikhuselekile kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.

Abathengi kufuneka kwakhona banikele ingqalelo kuzo naziphi na iziphumo ezineflegi. Oku kubonisa iindawo apho imveliso inokungafikeleli kwiimfuno zokhuseleko. Iifektri ezilungisa imiba ephawulweyo zibonisa ukuzinikela kumgangatho. Abathengi banokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso uphumeza amanyathelo okulungisa ngokufanelekileyo.

Kufuneka-Undwendwele indawo: SGS (www.sgs.com)

Isishwankathelo seenkonzo zovavanyo ezibonelelwayo

I-SGS yinkokeli yehlabathi kuvavanyo, uhlolo, kunye neenkonzo zoqinisekiso. Iwebhusayithi yabo ibonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nezisombululo zovavanyo ezenzelwe iimveliso zezilwanyana zasekhaya, kubandakanya amathoyizi enja. I-SGS ibonelela ngovavanyo lweekhemikhali, oomatshini, kunye ne-microbiological ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Iinkonzo zabo zikwabandakanya ukuhlolwa komngcipheko kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso, ukunceda abavelisi ukuba bahlangabezane neemfuno zokulawula.

Indawo inezixhobo ezifana namaphepha amhlophe, izifundo zeemeko, kunye neewebinars. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abathengi baqonde ukubaluleka kovavanyo lwelebhu kunye nokuba negalelo njani kukhuseleko lwemveliso. Ubungcali be-SGS buyenza ibe sisixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu kubathengi abafuna iinkonzo zovavanyo ezithembekileyo.

Indlela yokusebenzisana neelebhu zophicotho

Ukusebenzisana neelebhu ezifana ne-SGS kuphucula inkqubo yophicotho-zincwadi lwasefektri. Abathengi banokuqala ngokuqhagamshelana ne-SGS ukuze baxoxe ngeemfuno zabo zovavanyo. Ilebhu inokubonelela ngesikhokelo ekukhetheni uvavanyo olufanelekileyo olusekwe kwimathiriyeli kunye noyilo lweethoyi. I-SGS ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zovavanyo kwindawo, evumela abathengi ukuba badibanise uvavanyo lwaselebhu kuphicotho lwefektri yabo ngaphandle komthungo.

Ngexesha lophicotho, abathengi kufuneka bacele amaxwebhu eziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphambili kumzi-mveliso. I-SGS inokuqinisekisa ezi ziphumo kwaye iqhube iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuba ziyafuneka. Le ntsebenziswano iqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso uthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye uvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokusebenzisana ne-SGS, abathengi banokufumana ukuzithemba kukhuseleko nokuthembeka kweethoyi abazithengayo.

Uqeqesho lwabaSebenzi

Ukubaluleka kwabasebenzi abanezakhono

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kubasebenzi basefektri

Abasebenzi abanezakhono bangumqolo walo naluphi na umsebenzi wokuvelisa oyimpumelelo. Iifektri ezivelisa iithoyi zeenja kufuneka zityale imali kwi-comprehensiveiinkqubo zoqeqeshoukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayaziqonda iiprothokholi zokhuseleko, imigangatho yomgangatho, kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo zihlala zibandakanya umxube wokufundisa eklasini, uqeqesho emsebenzini, kunye namaqonga okufunda edijithali. Ezi ndlela zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kwaye zincede abasebenzi bagcine ulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kufuneka zijolise kwiinkalo ezifana nokuphatha izinto, ukusebenza kwezixhobo, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi banokungenelwa kwiiseshoni eziqhutywa ngezandla ezibafundisa indlela yokuchonga izinto ezineziphene okanye ukudibanisa izinto zokudlala ngokuchanekileyo. Iifektri ezibeka phambili uphuhliso lwabasebenzi zihlala zibona ukuphucuka kwemveliso, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi.

Indlela yokuvavanya ubuchule bomqeshwa

Ukuvavanya ubuchule bomqeshwa kubandakanya ukuvavanya ulwazi lwabo, izakhono, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lophicotho lwefektri, abathengi kufuneka bajonge abasebenzi kumgangatho wemveliso ukujonga ubuchule babo. Iimpawu eziphambili zobuchule ziquka ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha ngexesha lendibano.

Abathengi banokuphinda baphonononge iirekhodi zoqeqesho ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bazigqibile iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Iifektri ezigcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zibonisa ukuzibophelela kuphuculo oluqhubekayo. Ukongeza, ukwenza udliwano-ndlebe nabasebenzi kunokubonelela ngokuqonda kwabo imigangatho yomgangatho kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Le ndlela inceda abathengi babone ukuba umzi-mveliso wabathengi bezinja zokudlala usebenzisa abasebenzi abanezakhono nabaqeqeshwe kakuhle.

Kufuneka undwendwele indawo: Ishishini loQeqesho (www.trainingindustry.com)

Izikhokelo zokuvavanya iinkqubo zoqeqesho

Ishishini loQeqesho libonelela ngobutyebi bezibonelelo zokuvavanya nokuphucula iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Iwebhusayithi yabo inezikhokelo ezichaza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuyila amalinge oqeqesho asebenzayo. Ezi zikhokelo zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokulungelelanisa iinjongo zoqeqesho kunye neenjongo zombutho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumana izakhono ezifunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso.

Isiza sikwabonelela ngezixhobo zokuvavanya ukusebenza koqeqesho. Ngokomzekelo, abathengi banokusebenzisa izikhokelo zokuvavanya ukulinganisa impembelelo yoqeqesho ekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi kunye nokuzibandakanya. Iifektri ezisebenzisa ezi zixhobo zinokudala iinkqubo eziphucula ubuchule babasebenzi kwaye zibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yokusebenza ngokubanzi.

Imizekelo yamanyathelo oqeqesho olusebenzayo

Ishishini loQeqesho liqaqambisa imizekelo emininzi yamanyathelo oqeqesho oluyimpumelelo kwimveliso. Njengokuba,I-92% yabasebenzi ikholelwa ukuba uqeqesho olucwangciswe kakuhle luyaluphucula uthethathethwano, ngelixa i-94% iya kuhlala nenkampani enikezela ngamathuba ophuhliso. Ezi nkcukacha-manani zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokutyala imali ekukhuleni kwabasebenzi.

Esi siza sikwabonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho, ezifana nokufunda okuxutyiweyo kunye noqeqesho emsebenzini. Ukufunda okuhlanganisiweyo, okusetyenziswe yi-27% yamashishini amancinci, idibanisa imiyalelo yeklasi kunye nezixhobo zedijithali ukudala indawo yokufunda eguquguqukayo. Uqeqesho emsebenzini, olukhethwa yi-68% yabasebenzi, luvumela abasebenzi ukuba bafumane amava okusebenza ngelixa besenza imisebenzi yabo. Iifektri ezamkela ezi ndlela zinokukhuthaza abasebenzi abanezakhono nabakhutheleyo.

Iifektri eziphumeza ezi zicwangciso zinokwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi kunye nemveliso, ekugqibeleni ziphucule umgangatho weemveliso zabo.

Ubunakho bokuyila

Ukuqamba ngokutsha kwi-Dog Toy Design

Ukuvavanya amandla oyilo lwefektri

Ubuchule bokuyila bomzi-mveliso bunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho kunye nomtsalane weethoyi zezinja. Abathengi kufuneka bavavanye ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso uneqela elizinikeleyo loyilo elinobuchule ekudaleniiimveliso ezintsha nezisebenzayo. Amaziko axhotyiswe ngesoftware yoyilo oluphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokuchwetheza zihlala zibonisa umthamo ophezulu wokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Ezi zixhobo zenza ukuba iifektri zivavanye iimilo ezizodwa, ukuthungwa, kunye neempawu ezibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha inja.

Iifektri ezibeka phambili uyilo zihlala zisebenzisana neengcali zokuziphatha kwezilwanyana zasekhaya ukwenza iithoyi ezijongana neemfuno ezithile. Umzekelo,amathoyizi enzelwe ukuvuselela ingqondo okanye ukukhululeka kwexhalabaye bafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yempumelelo yabo ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle yezinja. Abathengi kufuneka kwakhona bavavanye ukukwazi komzi-mveliso ukubandakanya ingxelo yabathengi kuyilo lwabo. Le ndlela yokusebenza iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zokugqibela zihlangabezana neemfuno zemarike kwaye ziphakamisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi.

Ukubaluleka kweprototyping kunye novavanyo

Iprototyping kunye novavanyo ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko kwinkqubo yoyilo. Iiprototypes zivumela iifektri ukuba zivavanye ukusebenza, ukuqina, kunye nokhuseleko loyilo lwazo phambi kokuveliswa kobuninzi. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umzi-mveliso uqhuba uvavanyo olungqongqo ukuchonga iziphene ezinokubakho. Umzekelo, iithoyi zokuvavanya ukuxhathisa ukuhlafuna kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto ezibonakalayo ziqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokudlala rhabaxa ngaphandle kokubeka umngcipheko kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.

Iifektri ezivelisa izinto ezintsha zihlala zisebenzisa iiprototypes ukujonga izinto ezintsha eziphucula unxibelelwano. Ukubandakanya izandi ezivuselelayo okanye ukuthungwa okukhethekileyo kunokwenza iithoyi zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwizinja. IiMveliso zokuziphatha, umzekelo, zazisa amathoyizi angenazinto zokudlala ukujongana neenkxalabo zokuqina, ngelixa iFluff & Tuff isebenzisa imithungo ephindwe kabini kunye nelaphu elomeleziweyo ukuphucula ubomi obude. Olu phuculo luqaqambisa ukubaluleka kweprototyping ecokisekileyo kunye novavanyo ekunikezeni iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Kufuneka-Undwendwele iNdawo: IBhunga loYilo (www.designcouncil.org.uk)

Izixhobo zokuvavanya iinkqubo zoyilo

IBhunga loYilo libonelela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo zokuvavanya nokuphucula iinkqubo zoyilo. Iwebhusayithi yabo ibonelela ngezikhokelo kunye nezikhokelo ezinceda iifektri zidibanise ubuchule kunye nokusebenza kwiimveliso zabo. Abathengi banokufikelela kwizixhobo zokuvavanya izicwangciso zoyilo, kubandakanya iindlela zokubandakanya ingxelo yomsebenzisi kunye neendlela zentengiso. Ezi zixhobo zenza ukuba iifektri zilungelelanise uyilo lwazo kunye nezinto ezilindelwe ngabathengi ngelixa zigcina imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho.

Isiza sikwagxininisa indima yezenzo zoyilo oluzinzileyo. Iifektri ezamkela ezi zenzo zinokunciphisa inkunkuma kwaye zenze iimveliso ezilungele indalo, ezinomtsalane kubathengi abakhathalela indalo. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zeBhunga loYilo, abathengi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zoyilo lomzi-mveliso zinegalelo kwizinto ezintsha zokudlala ezilungele ukuthengisa izinja.

Izifundo zoyilo oluyimpumelelo

IBhunga loYilo libonisa imizekelo yophando ebonisa impembelelo yoyilo oluyilayo kwimpumelelo yemveliso. Njengokuba,izinto zokudlala ezenzelwe ukuvuselela ithuku lezinja, ezifana nezo zinezandi ezibandakanyayo, zibone ukwanda komdla wabathengi. Ukuphelisa ukuhlohlwa kwezinto zokudlala kuqwalaselwe izikhalazo zokuqina okuqhelekileyo, okukhokelela ekwanelisekeni okuphezulu kwabathengi. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba uyilo olucingisisiweyo lunokuphucula njani ukusebenza kunye nesibheno semarike.

Iifektri ezigxile kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokwakhiwa nazo zifumana impumelelo ephawulekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweFluff & Tuff yamalaphu aqinisiweyo kunye nemithungo ephindwe kabini iseke igama labo lokuqina. Abathengi banokusebenzisa ezi zifundo zemizekelo njengemilinganiselo yokuvavanya ukuba amandla oyilo lomzi-mveliso ayahambelana na nezenzo ezikhokelayo kushishino. Ngokubeka phambili izinto ezintsha, iifektri zinokudala iithoyi ezizisa ixabiso kuzo zombini izilwanyana zasekhaya nakubanini bazo.

Ingcebiso: Abathengi bafanele babuze ngenkqubo yoyilo lomzi-mveliso ngexesha lophicotho. Imibuzo efana no "Uyidibanisa njani ingxelo yabathengi kuyilo lwakho?" okanye "Zeziphi iindlela zovavanyo ozisebenzisayo kwiiprototypes?" inokubonelela ngemibono exabisekileyo ekuzibopheleleni kwabo ekwenzeni izinto ezintsha.

Iinkqubo zoShishino

ImiSebenzi eyiNqobo kunye neselubala

Ukubaluleka kweendlela zokusebenza ezinobulungisa

Iindlela zokusebenza ezinobulungisa zenza isiseko sokwenziwa kwezinto ezisesikweni. Iifektri ezizigcinayo ezi zenzo ziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumana imivuzo efanelekileyo, iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo kunye neeyure ezifanelekileyo. Imigangatho esesikweni yokusebenza ikwathintela ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kunye nokusebenza ngenkani, ikhuthaza isidima nentlonipho kubo bonke abasebenzi. Kubaabathengi benja yokudlala, ukukhangela kwiifektri ezibeka phambili iindlela zokusebenza ezinobulungisa kubonisa ukuzibophelela kuxanduva loluntu.

Iifektri ezibambelela kwimigangatho yabasebenzi enobulungisa zikholisa ukufumana ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwabasebenzi kunye nemveliso. Abasebenzi abaziva bexatyisiwe banegalelo kumgangatho ongcono wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Abathengi kufuneka babeke phambili iifektri ezithobela imigangatho yezabasebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe, njengaleyo ichazwe nguMbutho waBasebenzi baMazwe ngaMazwe (ILO). Le ndlela yokusebenzela ayixhasi nje kuphela izenzo ezisesikweni kodwa ikwaphucula isidima sohlobo lomthengi.

Ingcebiso: Abathengi banokubuza iifektri malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabo yezabasebenzi baze bacele amaxwebhu, njengeekhontrakthi zabasebenzi okanye iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yabasebenzi enobulungisa.

Indlela yokuvavanya ukungafihli kwefektri

Ukungafihli kwimisebenzi yefektri kwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli. Iifektri ezingafihliyo zabelana ngolwazi malunga neenkqubo zazo, ukukhangela, kunye nezenzo zabasebenzi. Abathengi kufuneka bavavanye ukuba ngaba umzi-mveliso ubonelela ngamaxwebhu acacileyo, anjengeeshedyuli zemveliso, iirekhodi zokufumana izinto eziphathekayo, kunye neengxelo zolawulo lomgangatho. Iifektri ezigcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zibonisa uxanduva kunye nokuzinikela kwiindlela zokuziphatha.

Ngexesha lophicotho, abathengi kufuneka bajonge indlela umzi-mveliso onxibelelana ngayo nabasebenzi kunye nabachaphazelekayo. Amajelo onxibelelwano avulekileyo ahlala ebonisa inkcubeko yokunyaniseka nemfezeko. Abathengi banokuhlola ukungafihli ngokuphonononga iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zomntu wesithathu okanye iziqinisekiso. Iifektri ezamkela uvavanyo lwangaphandle kunye nokujongana nengxelo ngokukhawuleza zibonisa umgangatho ophezulu wokungafihli.

Qaphela: Iifektri ezingafihlisiyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba zithobele ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nemigangatho yokuziphatha, ukunciphisa imingcipheko kubathengi.

Kufuneka-Undwendwele iNdawo: Ilinge loRhwebo lwe-Ethical (www.ethicaltrade.org)

Izikhokelo zokuvavanya izenzo ezisesikweni

I-Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) ibonelela ngezikhokelo ezibanzi zokuvavanya izenzo ezisesikweni kwiifektri. Ezi zixhobo zichaza imigaqo engundoqo, efana nokuhlonipha amalungelo abasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza imivuzo efanelekileyo. Abathengi banokusebenzisa izikhokelo ze-ETI ukuphuhlisa indlela eyakhiweyo yokuvavanya iifektri. Izikhokelo zikwabandakanya uluhlu lokutshekisha lokuchonga izenzo ezigwenxa, ezifana nexesha eligqithileyo okanye iindawo ezingakhuselekanga.

I-ETI igxininisa ukubaluleka kwentsebenziswano phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli. Imithombo yabo ikhuthaza abathengi ukuba basebenze kunye neefektri ukuphumeza uphuculo lokuziphatha. Ngokulandela izikhokelo ze-ETI, abathengi banokuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco labo lobonelelo lihambelana nemigangatho yokuziphatha yehlabathi.

Izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa

I-ETI ibonelela ngezixhobo zokunceda abathengi bajonge kwaye banyanzelise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokuziphatha. Ezi zixhobo ziquka iithempleyithi zezivumelwano zababoneleli, uluhlu lokutshekisha, kunye neefom zempendulo yabasebenzi. Abathengi banokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukubhala iinkqubo zefektri kunye nokulandelela inkqubela phambili ekuhambeni kwexesha. I-ETI ikwabonelela ngezixhobo zoqeqesho ukufundisa ababoneleli ngeemfuno zokuziphatha.

Iwebhusayithi inezifundo zezehlo ezibonisa ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kweendlela zokuziphatha. Umzekelo, uphononongo oluthile lugxininisa indlela umzi-mveliso oziphucule ngayo iimeko zokusebenza ngokwamkela iingcebiso ze-ETI. Le mizekelo ibonelela ngemibono esebenzayo kubathengi abafuna ukomeleza ukungafihli kunye nobulungisa kumakhonkco abo obonelelo.

Biza ngaphandle: Abathengi abasebenzisa izixhobo ze-ETI kunye nezibonelelo banokukhuthaza ubuhlakani obusesikweni kunye nababoneleli babo, baqinisekise impumelelo yexesha elide kunye nozinzo.

Ukuqhuba uphicotho olucokisekileyo lwasefektri kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bezinja zokudlala babeka phambili ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nokuthotyelwa. Iinkalo ze-10 eziphambili kolu luhlu lokutshekisha-ukususela kwiziqinisekiso zokhuseleko ukuya kwizenzo zoshishino zokuziphatha-zinika indlela ehleliweyo yokuvavanya ababoneleli. Indawo nganye ijongana nemiba ebalulekileyo njengolawulo lomngcipheko, uqeqesho, kunye noqinisekiso lomgangatho, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano ethembekileyo.

Abathengi kufuneka basebenzise ezi zixhobo ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo kwaye bagcine ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nababoneleli.

FAQ

Yintoni injongo yophicotho-zincwadi lwasefektri kubathengi bezinja zokudlala?

A uphicotho lwefektriinceda abathengi ukuba bahlole ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nokuthotyelwa. Iqinisekisa ukuba umzi-mveliso uhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, usebenzisa izinto ezikhuselekileyo, kwaye ugcina izenzo zokuziphatha. Le nkqubo inciphisa umngcipheko kwaye yakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli.

Abathengi bangaziqinisekisa njani iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko lomzi-mveliso?

Abathengi banokuqinisekisa iziqinisekiso ngokujonga iilebhile zemveliso kumanqaku afana ne-ASTM okanye i-EN71. Kufuneka bacele amaxwebhu kumzi-mveliso kwaye bawabhekise ngokunqamlezileyo kunye namaqumrhu asemthethweni okuqinisekisa. Izatifikethi eziyinyani ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko.

Kutheni ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubalulekile ngexesha lophicotho lwefektri?

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuqinisekisa ukuba iithoyi zeenja zenziweizinto ezingenatyhefu, ezihlala ixesha elide. Izinto ezingakhuselekanga zisenokwenzakalisa izilwanyana zasekhaya okanye zibangele iingozi zokuminxa. Abathengi kufuneka baphonononge iiNkcukacha zoKhuseleko lweMathiriyeli (MSDS) kwaye bahlole izinto eziluhlaza ngexesha lophicotho-zincwadi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ekufuneka abathengi bayibuze ngexesha lokhenketho lwasefektri?

Abathengi kufuneka babuze malunga neeprothokholi zokucoca, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• "Uqinisekisa njani ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo?"
• "Ngawaphi amanyathelo athatyathwayo ukuthintela iziphene?"

  Le mibuzo ibonisa ukuzibophelela komzi-mveliso kumgangatho.

Ingaba ulawulo lobulunga olukwinkqubo luyiphucula njani imveliso?

Ulawulo lomgangatho olukwinkqubo luchonga iziphene kwangethuba, luqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo. Iifektri zibeka iliso kwimathiriyeli ekrwada, zihlole izinto ezingekagqitywa, kwaye zivavanye iimveliso zokugqibela. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto inciphisa inkunkuma kwaye iqinisekisa iithoyi zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko.

Ingaba uqeqesho lwabasebenzi ludlala yiphi indima kuphicotho-zincwadi lwasefektri?

Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi luqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayayiqonda imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Abasebenzi abanezakhono baphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Abathengi kufuneka baphonononge iirekhodi zoqeqesho kwaye bajonge abasebenzi ukuba bavavanye ubuchule ngexesha lophicotho.

Abathengi bangazihlola njani iindlela zokuziphatha zomzi-mveliso?

Abathengi banokuhlola izenzo zokuziphatha ngokuphonononga imigaqo-nkqubo yabasebenzi, izivumelwano zabasebenzi, kunye neengxelo zophicotho lomntu wesithathu. Iifektri ezingafihliyo zabelana ngolwazi malunga nemivuzo, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yabasebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Kutheni le nto abathengi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo ezifana ne-ASTM okanye i-ISO ngexesha lophicotho?

Izixhobo ezifana ne-ASTM kunye ne-ISO zibonelela ngezikhokelo, uluhlu lokukhangela, kunye nezifundo zemeko zokuvavanya iifektri. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abathengi baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nemigangatho yokuziphatha, ukwenza uphicotho lusebenze ngakumbi kwaye luthembeke.

Ingcebiso: Hlala uzilungiselela ngokuphonononga imigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo ngaphambi kokwenza uphicotho-zincwadi lwasefektri.